Diabetes Complication
Risk Score

Yes, significantly. Research consistently shows that tight blood sugar control (HbA1c below 7%), blood pressure management (below 130/80), cholesterol control, not smoking and regular screening all dramatically reduce the risk of developing complications. The DCCT trial for type 1 and UKPDS for type 2 both proved that good glycaemic control reduces complications by 25–75%.

Diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) affects up to 50% of people with diabetes over time, making it the most prevalent complication. It most commonly affects the feet and legs. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in people with diabetes. All complications are more common with longer duration of diabetes and poor blood sugar control.

People with type 2 diabetes should have a dilated eye exam at diagnosis and then annually. People with type 1 should start annual exams 5 years after diagnosis. If retinopathy is found, exams may be required every 6 months. Early retinopathy can be treated — it has no symptoms in the early stages, making regular screening critical.

Significantly. High blood pressure dramatically accelerates kidney disease, eye disease and cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes. Reducing blood pressure to below 130/80 mmHg is one of the most effective interventions for preventing complications — in some studies, as impactful as blood sugar control itself.

Every year, people with diabetes should have: HbA1c (every 3–6 months), kidney function (eGFR + urine albumin/creatinine ratio), full cholesterol panel (LDL, HDL, triglycerides), blood pressure check, dilated eye exam, foot examination and neuropathy screening. These tests catch complications early when they are most treatable.